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Alternative title

Tractatus Eboracenses

Type of resource

mixed material

Extent

ff. 4 + 154 + 2

Date created

[ca. 1000 - 1199]

Language

Latin

Material

Vellum

Layout

28 and 27 lines to a page

Height (mm)

211

Width (mm)

135

Collation

a(4), 1(8) 2(8) 3(10) 4(8)-7(8) (7 canc.) 8(8) 9(8) (1, 2 canc.) 10(8)-13(8) 14(2) 15(8)-19(8) (wants 8) 20(10), b(2).

Writing

in several fine hands, some of which resemble the Christ Church (Canterbury) hand

Foliation

ff. i-vi + pp. 1-112 + 112a + 113a + 113-164 + 164a + 165a + 165-212 + 212a + 213a + 213-292 + 292a + 293a + 293-306 + ff. vii-viii

Research

This volume contains the famous series of tracts by the Yorker Anonymus: described by Hampe, Neues Archiv XXII 669. (He distinguishes 7 or 8 scribes.) The greater part of the text has been printed, as the references given below will show, in MGH. (Libelli de Lite) or H. Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, 1899.

Summary

CCCC MS 415 contains the unique text of an author once universally known as 'The York Anonymous' but now thought to have been written by a Norman ecclesiastic, probably from Rouen, and hence its modern appellation as 'The Norman (or 'Rouen') Anonymous'. The manuscript, which was copied in the late eleventh or early twelfth century, consists of a number of tracts which have as their broad theme the relationship between the spiritual and temporal power. It has special significance because it was written shortly after the Investiture Controversy; this controversy was over the power of lay princes to invest and receive homage from abbots and bishops, which was forbidden by Pope Gregory VII in 1075. Although frequently discussed in the literature of the history of the relationship between the medieval church and state, the unique private nature of the text makes it highly unlikely that the complex ideas expressed in it ever gained a wide readership.

Contents

Summus pontifex -- Equalitas ecclesiarum et unitas ecclesie -- De peccatis et de penis eorum -- Episcopus a solo Deo iudicandus -- Abbas episcopo suo subditus est -- In necessitate licet leges pretermitti -- Iudex secundum Deum iudicet -- De mercenarii sententia -- De iusticia christiana -- Sacerdotis auctoritas -- De diversitate penarum -- De primatu ecclesie Hierosolimitane -- Electio et consecratio episcopi -- De malestate baptismi -- De nuptiale sacramento -- De ordine sacerdotis (I) -- De ordine sacerdotis (II) -- De consecratione sacerdotis -- De ordine et de oficiis Christi -- De duobus gladiis -- De bonitate Dei et nature -- De ordinatione filiorum sacerdotum -- De equalitate apostolorum -- De immolatione corporis Christi -- De consecratione pontificum et regum (I) -- De consecratione pontificum et regum (II) -- 'Laicus' nomen est ignominie -- De potestate ligandi atque solvendi -- De sacerdotum matrimonio -- De ordinatione filiorum sacerdotum -- De Fiscannensi ecclesia -- De Romano pontifice -- De primato Anglie -- De ecclesia Sathane in Roma -- De sanctorum communione

M.R. James Date

xi-xii

Downloadable James Catalogue Record

https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:mv910jy6573/MS_415.pdf

Superseded Interim Catalogue Record

https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:jv090ch6849/415.pdf

Contains

• Summus pontifex. 1-2

  Note

  (1) [Late title]

  Rubric

  (1) [An summus Pontifex sit iuditio subiectus]

  Incipit

  (1) Decretum est in sacris canonibus

  Explicit

  (2) nullatenus debet iudicari de ordine

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche 436

• Equalitas ecclesiarum et unitas ecclesie. 3-15

  Rubric

  (3) [De una ecclesia]

  Incipit

  (3) Auctoritate sanctorum patrum didicimus quod sancta ecclesia toto orbe diffusa una sit ecclesia una sponsi columba

  Note

  A section begins in capitals at p. 11

  Incipit

  (11) Ecclesia quippe Sathane non sacrificabat uni deo

  Explicit

  (15) cum quo unus est spiritus

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, 437

• De peccatis et de penis eorum. 16-38

  Incipit

  (16) Cum de homine negat petrus in filium negauit hominis

  Explicit

  (38) sed utrum recte an perperam sapientium iudicio derelinquimus

  Note

  Not printed: see Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 179

• Episcopus a solo Deo iudicandus. 39-49

  Rubric

  (39) [Quod Rothomagensis ecclesia non est subiecta Romanae]

  Incipit

  (39) Interrogetur romanus pontifex quibus de causis reprehendit et condempnat rothomagensem archiepiscopum

  Explicit

  (49) Ne meliorum uita deteriorum prelatorum corrumpatur exemplo

  Note

  MGH., Libelli de Lite III 656

• Abbas episcopo suo subditus est. 50-53

  Note

  Change of hand

  Rubric

  (50) [De priuilegiis peculiaribus]

  Incipit

  (50) Precipit apostolus immo per apostolum Christus ut omnis anima sullimioribus potestatibus subdita sit

  Explicit

  (53) gratie igitur est ut una ecclesia huic pene subiaceat

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 449

• In necessitate licet leges pretermitti. 53-55

  Rubric

  (53) [De temperandis legibus]

  Incipit

  (53) Oportet leges aliquando temperari propter misericordiam

  Explicit

  (55) ullo crimine reos teneri

  Note

  Not printed

• Iudex secundum Deum iudicet. 55-56

  Incipit

  (55) Cum aliquis in iudicio de crimine reus conuincitur

  Explicit

  (56) per misericordiam

  Note

  Not printed

• De mercenarii sententia. 56-57

  Incipit

  (56) Si mercennarius et qui non est pastor

  Explicit

  (57) nec tenenda est sententia

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 452

• De iusticia christiana. 57-85

  Incipit

  (57) Omne iudicium aut in ecclesiasticis situm est negotiis aut in secularibus

  Note

  At p. 72 an initial, but no break in the text

  Explicit

  (85) si ergo hec propter eum facitis nobis illi pocius facitis quam nobis qui potens est retribuere uobis. Amen

  Note

  Not printed

• Sacerdotis auctoritas. 85-86

  Incipit

  (85) Duo sunt quibus hic mundus principaliter regitur sacerdotalis auctoritas et regalis potestas

  Explicit

  (86) sed et hoc dicendum quia sancte ecclesie rex filius est non presul. discipulus non magister. subditus non

  Note

  [breaks off]
  Not printed

• De diversitate penarum. 86-92

  Rubric

  (86) [De Canonibus et Decretis]

  Incipit

  (86) Si omnia precepta canonum paria essent idest equalis dignitatis

  Explicit

  (92) Hos per omnia imitari nos oportet

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 453

• De primatu ecclesie Hierosolimitane. 93-99

  Rubric

  (93) [De ecclesia Romana et Hierosolimitana]

  Incipit

  (93) Videamus de romana et hierosolimitana ecclesia. que rectius alteri preferri debeat

  Explicit

  (99) quos plenos fuisse gratia diuina loquuntur testimonia

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 457

• Electio et consecratio episcopi. 100-102

  Rubric

  (100) [De electione Pontificis]

  Incipit

  (100) Pontifex aut dei tantum electione debet constitui aut hominum tantum aut simul dei et hominum

  Explicit

  (102) Rectene id an perperam ipsi uiderint qui inuenerunt

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 462, nos. xiii a, xiii b

• De malestate baptismi. 102-107

  Rubric

  (102) [De Baptismo et Eucharistia]

  Incipit

  (102) Si queritur quid melius sit atque prestantius baptismus an sacerdotium

  Explicit

  (107) quales ab eterno non sunt scripti uel electi uel predestinati

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 464

• De nuptiale sacramento. 108-112

  Rubric

  (108) [De nuptiis]

  Incipit

  (108) Si christiana nubit iudeo uel ethnico

  Explicit

  (109) peccato idolatrie comparatur

  Note

  Not printed
  The lower part of p. 109 is cut off and replaced by new vellum: a fragment of text (for which see the Addenda) survives, pasted over, on p. 110: the whole of pp. 111, 112 are a newer leaf, and blank (p. 112 not blank, contains later rubric)
  (110) The fragment of text on p. 110, now pasted over with newer vellum, runs as follows
  (110) nec ea que in mundo sunt diligant. ut omnia sua etiam uxores propter deum relinquant. et cetera celestis doctrine mandata obseruant. si hec inquam implere satagunt uxoribus alligari non debent. quia qui uxoribus alligantur hec implere non ualent. et qui non implent irritum faciunt quantum in ipsis est christianitatis nomen. Si coniunctio consanguineorum abhominabilis esset apud deum et incestus reputa-

• De ordine sacerdotis (I). 112-114

  Rubric

  (112) [De deposicione sacerdotis]

  Note

  The first two lines are a slip cut off from a previous page and pasted on the top of p. 113

  Incipit

  (112a) Sacerdotem ab ordine deponi nichil aliud esse puto quam eidem ordinem suum auferri

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 469

• De ordine sacerdotis (II). 114-114

  Incipit

  (114) Diuina benedictio cuius iustus maior esse

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 470

• De consecratione sacerdotis. 114-118

  Incipit

  (114) Si uerba quibus consecratur corpus

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 470

• De ordine et de oficiis Christi. 118-119

  Incipit

  (118) Christus factus est sacerdos diaconus subdia(co)nus

  Note

  Unfinished
  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 473

• De duobus gladiis. 120-120

  Incipit

  (120) In passione domini duo fuisse gladii

  Explicit

  (120) in sanctorum commentariis queri debent

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 474

• De bonitate Dei et nature. 121-127

  Incipit

  (121) Si deus omnia regit et moderatur et omnem rationalem creaturam regit et moderatur

  Explicit

  (127) Idem enim est adipisci summam bonitatem et summam essentiam et idem est adipisci bonum esse quod esse

  Note

  ? Not printed

• De ordinatione filiorum sacerdotum. 128-139

  Incipit

  (128) Apologia pro filiis sacerdotum et concubinarum quos nunc quidam iudicant ad sacros ordines non debere admitti

  Explicit

  (139) sin autem correpctionem libenter excipimus

  Note

  Another copy at p. 247
  MGH. Libelli de Lite III 649

• De equalitate apostolorum. 139-142

  Rubric

  (139) [De equalitate ministrorum]

  Incipit

  (139) Diuina institutione nullus inter apostolos maior fuit

  Explicit

  (142) ut inter uicarios eorum talis etiam regula seruaretur

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 475

• De immolatione corporis Christi. 142-142

  Incipit

  (142) Agnus dei qui cotidie immolatur in altari aut tollit peccata mundi

  Explicit

  (142) Neque enim pro diabolo et membris eius offertur corpus Christi

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 477

• De consecratione pontificum et regum (I). 143-204

  Note

  Change of script

  Rubric

  (143) [De consecratione Pontificum et regum]

  Incipit

  (143) Due in ueteri testamento persone pontificis scilicet et regis olei sancti unctione consecrate

  Note

  Between pp. 158 and 159 should be placed pp. 173-188 (quire 12)

  Incipit

  (164a) Nunc inseramus consecrationem sacerdotis et uideamus si adeo excellens est ut consecratio regis. Talis quippe est pontificis consecratio. Domine sancte pater

  Note

  The office follows
  On p. 169, after the inthronization collect (Domine Ihesu Christe tu preelegisti apostolos tuos ut doctrina sua nobis preessent etc.) follows what must be the king's oath

  Incipit

  (169) Hec tria populo Christiano et mihi subdito in Christi promitto nomineIn primis ut ecclesia et omnis populus christianus ueram pacem nostro arbitrio in omni tempore seruet, etc.

  Note

  The text continues with the coronation office. On p. 171 in the Consecratio regis (omnipotens sempiterne deus creator ac gubernator celi et terre) is the formula
  (171) super hunc famulum tuum N quem supplici deuotione in regnum anglorum siue saxonum pariter elegimus
  After p. 172 is the misplaced quire 12
  The office continues at p. 189 and ends p. 194 with the prayer

  Incipit

  (194) Benedic domine fortitudinem principis

  Explicit

  (194) quia ascensor celi auxiliator suus in sempiternum fiat

  Note

  (194) A series of paragraphs on the attributes of a king follows headed

  Rubric

  (194) De Nomine Regni

  Incipit

  (194) Isidorus ait. Regnum a regibus dictum est, etc.

  Note

  In the following paragraphs the authorities quoted are:Prouerbia Grecorum. These passages are printed by S. Hellmann, Sedullius Scottus, p. 129 (1906, in Traube's Quellen u. Untersuchungen I) together with a series of 74 quotations from Prouerbia Grecorum found in the Collectaneum of Sedulius Scottus in the Cues MS., and two other passages from them cited in the Carlsruhe MS. of the Irish Canons, and in a letter of the Anglo-Saxon Cathvulf to Charlemagne. They have evidently passed through Celtic hands: their origin is uncertain.
  Other authorities named are:Hieronimus. Patricius (the tract de xii abusiuis, quoted twice as his), Liber sapientie, Ambrose, Gregory
  (199) Item paulus pandit: quicunque adulari uoluerit aut pro necessitate aut pro adulatione benigne reuelat. Item paulus. Si hominibus placuissem seruus dei non essem
  (200) Sinodus romana
  (201) Orosius. Augustine
  Ends

  Incipit

  (204) De sermone regis aut ducis protegente inimicum

  Explicit

  (204) unde quidam ait. Utinam sermo regis dissoluisset me et liberaret me ut soluit ioseph. Et ut danielem liberauit de lacu leonum et ut mardocheum de angustia sua

  Note

  Parts of this are printed in MGH. Libelli de Lite III 662, where also are parts of the next tract

• De consecratione pontificum et regum (II). 204-235

  Note

  (204) The text continues in a rougher hand

  Incipit

  (204) Sancta ecclesia sponsa Christi est qui est uerus rex et sacerdos

  Note

  pp. 205-208 are markedly large in script
  On p. 209 this script becomes small and neat again, but there seems to be no break in the sense
  This is a second copy, with some changes, of the tract no. 24.1. It ends just before the point where the former copy inserts the Coronation office. (See above on no. 24.1)
  This second copy ends p. 235

  Explicit

  (235) quoniam et ipse summus pontifex est in quantum rex est

  Note

  On the first copy p. 163* these words are followed by Nunc inseramus consecrationem sacerdotis

• 'Laicus' nomen est ignominie. 235-236

  Note

  (235) No title

  Incipit

  (235) Laicus et christianus hec duo nomina aut equalia sunt in dignitate aut alterum altero est dignius

  Explicit

  (236) alterum ignominie id est laicus

• De potestate ligandi atque solvendi. 237-238

  Incipit

  (237) Dominus noster Iesus Christus si petro soli contulit claues regni celorum

  Explicit

  (238) sed humano intuitu et preconio intruduntur

• De sacerdotum matrimonio. 239-247

  Note

  Large script

  Rubric

  (239) [An liceat sacerdotibus inire matrimonia]

  Incipit

  (239) Scire uelim quis primus instituit ne sacerdotes christiani inire deberent matrimonia. Deus an homo

  Explicit

  (247) In quibus uero uerbum nuptiarum seminat ipsi facere nuptiarum fructum appetunt

  Note

  Printed by Bp Hall, Works I 756 (The honor of the married clergie) MGH. Libelli de Lite III 645

• De ordinatione filiorum sacerdotum. 247-264

  Incipit

  (247) Apologia pro filiis sacerdotum et concubinarum

  Note

  A first sketch of no. 22 (p. 128): hand changes at p. 255

  Explicit

  (264) sin autem correctionem libenter accipiamus

• De Fiscannensi ecclesia. 264-265

  Incipit

  (264) Sanctorum patrum autoritas-ordinauit ut rothomagensis ecclesia caput esset et mater fiscannensis ecclesie et ipsa membrum ipsius esset et filia

  Note

  (265) Nunc uero uice uersa in contrarium pro his bonis. fiscannensis mala retribuit rothomagensi

  Explicit

  (265) non est potestas nisi a deo

• De Romano pontifice. 265-279

  Rubric

  (265) [De Romano Pontifice]

  Incipit

  (265) Romanus pontifex ideo apostolicus cognominatur quod apostolorum uice et officio fungi creditur

  Explicit

  (278) qui ergo inter has scisma facere conatur id efficit ut etiam sacerdotalis auctoritas subruatur

  Note

  (279) Ends
  MGH. Libelli de Lite III 679

• De primato Anglie. 279-284

  Rubric

  (279) [De obediendo Romano Pontifice: more correctly, against the subjection of York to Canterbury]

  Incipit

  (279) Cum multe sint ecclesie in romana ciuitate aut omnibus equaliter debemus obedire aut quibusdam tantum

  Note

  The script of the following pages is larger and rougher

  Explicit

  (284) si ergo eboracensis archiepiscopus istis uult exibere obedientiam non debet nisi cogatur de is respondere archiepiscopo cantuariensi que potius iure debet ecclesie londoniensi

  Note

  MGH. Libelli de Lite III 686. Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 478

• De ecclesia Sathane in Roma. 284-284

  Note

  A paragraph

  Incipit

  (284) Considerandum est de romana ecclesia unde sit dignior ex eo quod romana est an ex eo quod ecclesia

  Explicit

  (284) in caritate non in exactione. propter deum non propter seculi fastum. Amen

• De sanctorum communione. 285-302

  Rubric

  (285) (De Charitate et Obedientia)

  Note

  In the hand of no. 1

  Incipit

  (285) Dignitas peculiaris et propria est et a patre collata filio dei et hominis quod est iudex uniuersorum

  Note

  Ends p. 302 (on suficit diei malitia sua)

  Explicit

  (302) catia (=κακία) enim que latinus uertit in malitiam apud grecos duo significat et malitiam et afflictionem. quod cacos grece dicunt et hic pro malitia magis transferri debuit

  Note

  Böhmer, Staat und Kirche, p. 481

TJames

230

Stanley

O. 27

Repository

UK, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, Parker Library

Location

MS 415

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